Saturday, February 29, 2020

A view from a bridge work book Essay Example for Free

A view from a bridge work book Essay ? Dear Miss Fisher, I have finished reading a view from a bridge & put notes on the power point sheets however I then looked back on it & realised it was illegible! So I wrote it up here, is that ok I’m sorry for the inconvenience, & it won’t happen again. Sorry again, Daisy 🙂 A view from the bridge. 15th September. Research tasks: Who was Arthur Miller? Find autobiographical information about the playwright. Arthur Miller, playwright from New York, became a journalist, worked with Italian immigrants during WWII. Which gave him an outlook Into the Sicilian dreams & inspiration for â€Å"A View From The Bridge. † Miller’s first play flopped, but his second; â€Å"All My Sons† was a massive success. He divorced his first wife in 1961 & married Marilyn Munroe, the reason for this is unknown as apparently they were never really in love & divorced in 1963, it is thought Monroe married him for intelligence & milled married Monroe for beauty, Miller then wrote a play â€Å"After The Fall† that is thought to be based on their relationship. Miller died in 2005. Which other plays has Arthur miller written? Do they have any common themes? â€Å"After The Fall†, â€Å"The Prince†, â€Å"The Archbishop’s Ceiling†, â€Å"The Clock†, â€Å"Broken Glass†, â€Å"All My Sons†, â€Å"Death Of A Salesman†, â€Å"Crucible†. A common theme of Arthur Miller’s play was the examining of an individual in relation to their authority; this means the plays are often considered political. Where is Brooklyn? What was it like in the 1940’s? Who lived & worked there? What sort of environment was it? What’s it like now? Brooklyn is a borough of New York; in the 1940s it had a large Italian population due to the ports near the bridge. Brooklyn was split in two it had the middle class areas such as Flatbush & working class areas like Red Hook, the setting for â€Å"A View The Bridge. † In the mid to late 1940s Brooklyn was enjoying a good period the gang violence was, all though easily noticed, small. As Brooklyn reached the end of the 1940s the borough began a period of decline & by the early 1950s gangsters were ripe & until the 1980s it was classed as a bad place to live. People from all over Europe lived & worked in Brooklyn it also had a large African-American community. Brooklyn now has a safer & cleaner track record with very little gang violence & a large business district the 3rd largest in New York State. Which groups of people immigrated to the United States in the 1940’s? What was life like for them when they arrived? The main groups of people immigrating to the United States in the 1940s were European, particularly Italians & Russians. When they first arrived life would be tough they would usually leave their homelands with nothing & have to find jobs & work quickly so they could live out their own â€Å"American Dream†. Find out as much as you can about Italian-American communities†¦ Which television programmes & films include Italian-American characters? How do they talk? Is this community stereotyped? What values can you identify in this community? The most famous film on Italian-Americans would probably be â€Å"Scarface† a movie based on Italian-American gangster Al Capone, the Italian-American community is stereotyped as a very tight family, which it represents in gangs or mobs, the Italian-American dialect is varied through out Brooklyn, Bugs Bunny has an accent based on the Flatbush dialect. Wikipedia – â€Å"Italian Americans are higher in the rate & degree of the tensing & rising of (oh) & (aeh) than that of Jewish American New Yorkers. † The values of the communities of Italian Americans seem as though they all run everything as a family business, & a tight knit friendship group. What is a ‘tragedy’? Find out the main features or conventions of this type of play. Make sure you go right back to Greek tragedy. A Greek tragedy is a form of art portraying human suffering causing audience pleasure this form has been modernised to usually end a play in a death where all characters end in despair, or worse off than they were at the beginning. Alfieri’s first speech. What have we learnt about the people who live in Red Hook? We have learnt from the opening speech from Alfieri that Red Hook was the slum of Brooklyn & the gullet of New York, Red Hook is portrayed as very violent with no care for the law, but it is now ore civilised & getting better, people are no longer as scared as they were, as Alfieri says: â€Å"I no longer feel the need to keep a gun† It shows Red Hook at one time was extremely intimidating & bad but now much better. Alfieri goes onto mention how his relatives often tell him not to get involved with cases, this shows the Italian-American-tight knit-family-like-ness & how his business seems to be everyone’s business. What does Alfieri mean when he says â€Å"justice is very important† here? When Alfieri says â€Å"justice is very important here† he is using a bit of sarcasm he is commenting on how people do feel justice is important but their own personal justice not the government’s justice. & How people can commit murder believing it is all right because of there own justice. However you feel a sense of irony as he is a lawyer speaking & he is discussing justice that he may well deal with in court. The fact he is a lawyer also shows there is work for lawyers in Red Hook so some sort of governed justice is important. Now the people â€Å"settle for half† instead of using a gun for justice, what does that mean? Alfieri’s comment â€Å"now the people settle for half† is commenting on now that Red Hook has been cleaned up a bit his services a called on more & although it means the person against the allegations may not be killed he will be brought to governed justice & possible face prison. Eddie’s story is not like the ‘petty troubles of the poor. ‘ Why might he come to see Alfieri? Eddie’s story is not like the petty troubles of the poor because we realise through out the book that aside from the immigrants in his house being illegal, they have actually done nothing wrong & although his allegations against Rodolfo being gay are also wrong, it is not illegal to be gay. Alfieri also deals mainly in family squabbles, evictions & compensation cases, but Eddie’s is different because it’s more about jealousy & revenge. A view from a bridge work book. (2017, Oct 08).

Thursday, February 13, 2020

The Importance of Nature to Spirituality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Importance of Nature to Spirituality - Essay Example Writers following this tradition sought to find meaning within the natural world that seemed lost within the created world of the humans. However, the way they did this changed depending on their position in time and space. Blake lived from 1757 to 1827 and saw the beginning of the industrial revolution and the growth of the factories. He was aware of the dangers of this growth and saw some of the destruction it brought about, but he lived in England where some of the cities had already had long histories and the erosion of nature didn't seem so dramatic as places such as America where much of the land was still relatively untamed and all of the architecture was new. Wordsworth was an American poet who lived from 1770-1850. The changes that were taking place in America were similar to those happening in Europe, but seemed more dramatic. Both of these poets worked within the same literary movement to emphasize the importance of nature in poems such as "Tyger" and "The World is Too Muc h With Us" respectively. In poems such as "Tyger," Blake focuses on his own individual way of seeing the world and on the emotions these investigations brought out. This is in keeping with the then emerging Romantic movement which placed a great deal of emphasis on emotional feeling, particularly as it was inspired by nature. This emphasis on emotional feeling is seen in "Tyger" as Blake starts the poem with two exclamatory statements: "Tyger! Tyger!" (1) and infuses them with a strong image in the darkness of the reader's mind: "burning bright / In the forests of the night" (1-2). Most of the poem is written with the intention of creating a sense of awe around the creature that is the focal point of the poem and continues to force the reader's attention on this concept. The tiger's features are described in deadly but beautiful detail, "In what distant deeps or skies / Burnt the fire of thine eyes?" (5-6), in such a way as to constantly focus the attention on its emotional impact. At the same time, these statements are phrased in the form of rhetorical questions that naturally cause the mind to start trying to answer them and thus considering the images more carefully. This same emphasis on the emotions is found in Wordsworth's poem as he opens his poem with a sense, a feeling, that there is something missing in the new modern life of the cities. "The world is too much with us; late and soon, / Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers" (1-2). Before the reader is even certain what it is that Wordsworth is talking about, it is clear that he is feeling a sense of emptiness in daily life and a sense of having little energy or interest in this life. This is also in keeping with his personal times. Although Blake was writing at a time when the industrial revolution was having the same effect on his homeland as Wordsworth, Wordsworth wrote in a place where it seemed the factories and cities were taking over all of the natural beauty of the world, burying it un der concrete. It seemed inevitable to most writers of his time and he rightly mourns the loss. He says "We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon! / ... / For this, for everything, we are out of tune" (4, 8). Although Blake's creation is filled with the profound emotion of awe, Wordsworth's demonstrates a profound sense of loss. However, both poets discover a sense of natural feeling inherent in the images they produce for their readers and both keep this emotion at the forefront of their poems. Within his poem, Blake focuses on an element of the ‘supernatural’ as something that existed outside the realm of everyday experience, another key characteristic of

Saturday, February 1, 2020

Stat big project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stat big project - Research Paper Example The relationship between having access to the human necessities, living longer, and money all coincide with each other, because without money you cannot afford to live a healthier lifestyle, or have access to health care. We are focusing on the life expectancy on the richer, developed countries and how the lifestyles of the citizens of these nations are contributing to their longer life spans. Many different factors such as income, access to healthcare, obesity, and Gross Domestic Profit (GDP). Life expectancy within the richer countries average at 78.7 at birth and seems to keep increasing as time goes on. From age 65 and up, the life expectancy increases to 84.1 in the United States and 84.5 in the United Kingdom, which is because the average person living in one of these countries can afford better health care that has more advanced technology and superior medicines to cure, or treat illnesses that will extend their lives. In the year 2012, the United States had spent $8,895 per capita on healthcare which is higher than every other country in the world. The United Kingdom spends $3,647 per capita on healthcare, but they have a much smaller population than the United States. There are 2.5 physician s per 1,000 people in the United States and 2.8 physicians per 1,000 people in the United Kingdom, according to the data from the World Bank. There are 33.9 CT units in the United States and 8.2 CT units in United Kingdom per million people. There are also 5.9 MRI units in the United Kingdom and 26.5 MRI units in the United States per million people. Obesity is another factor that shortens life expectancy, because the chances of contracting fatal diseases such as cancer, heart attacks, and stroke increase significantly. Obesity decreases life expectancy by about 3 years and severe obesity, although it is still rare, can lower your life by about 10 years which is about as much as lifelong tobacco smoking (Das &

Friday, January 24, 2020

Is America Bashing warranted? :: essays research papers

America bashing is not warranted in the world, it is based on loose facts that have been manipulated. America is blamed as the source of all the world’s problems because it is seen as the most prominent country. Through the analysis of two works- Richard Neville’s Oh Say, Can’t You See? and Chris Middencorp’s God Diss America- this paper will prove this to be the case. Richard Neville begins his argument for America bashing by citing George W. Bush’s decision to renounce the Kyoto treaty as an example of the poor decision making the American government has made that hurts not only itself, but the entire world. In his article Neville seeks to denounce several myths that America still possesses. He starts by arguing against the myth that America is the land of the free. He states that America in actuality has the highest percentage of its citizens imprisoned over any other country. In fact, a quarter of the world’s prisoners are incarcerated in the United States. He goes on to diminish the idea that happiness is honored. He argues that if this is true, how can the country exhibit one of the highest rates of clinical depression. He cites Eli Lilly as saying â€Å"Prozac changed everything, and that’s just the beginning? America promotes global expansion and human rights is his next target. Neville points out that the United State s spurned vital treaties on war crimes, as well as land mines, the prohibition of juvenile executions, arms controls, test bans and the Rights of Children. Neville then goes on to discuss the myth that America is the land of the free. If this is true, Neville argues, then it is unjust that the richest one percent of the population have more wealth then the lowest ninety percent, the largest inequality in the world. He points out that over forty million Americans are without health insurance, a number which increases every year. While these facts do not shed a kind light on America, Neville does point out some of its brighter aspects. Neville goes on to discuss some of the good and admittedly â€Å"irresistible?parts of American culture. Austin Powers, jazz, and the first amendment are among these. He even admits to enjoying McDonald’s on occasion although he is quick to assert that they are destroying the world’s crop varieties by making every country they have a store in grow their standard potato- Idaho Russer.

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

How has chemistry made your life better? Essay

Chemistry is one branch of knowledge that grew from human curiosity about the world and has played a central role in the development of the modern world. Chemistry is the study of the composition of matter, the stuff things are made of, and the changes that matter undergoes. Now, we may not think chemistry plays such a big role in our life but it perhaps more than any other branch of science has bettered our lives. Almost anything we touch today has benefited from chemical technology, and there for chemistry has had a huge influence on human life. Chemistry is truly a powerful tool. It can create a better future for us, or if misdirected, can lead to our doom. It’s important that we study chemistry everyday and understand its principles. Chemistry helps us understand ourselves and the world we live in better. Chemistry has played a major part of helping agriculture. Agriculture has been made several times more efficient by the development of man-made fertilizers and pesticides. Not only has chemistry done that for agriculture but it has done much more. Everyday chemists develop hardier and more productive then ever plants. Advances in plants and the understanding of plant hormones will strengthen the number of plants in the world and increase the world’s food supply. Agriculture belongs to the branch called organic chemistry. Chemistry plays major parts in medicine and biotechnology. Each year because of chemistry more and more medically important substances such as vitamin C, penicillin, and asprin are produced. Not only does chemistry help produce all different types of medicine but also every day medicines are being improved and discovered for different types of reasons. Medicine and biotechnology belong to the branch called biochemistry. Almost forever people have used chemistry to create amazing materials. A long time ago early chemists would create iron from iron ore by heating the ore with carbon. Chemistry has not only helped to develop iron, but it has also played major roles in developing many different mixtures of metals and other materials. Plastic today plays a huge part in our lives and was developed with the use of chemistry! Plastics have incredible properties and  characteristics which include being light weight and extremely strong. Plastic has helped lead to the development of automobiles, making them safer, lighter, sturdier, and even more energy-efficient. Materials belong to the Analytical branch of chemistry. As I have shown in my mini essay chemistry plays a major part in our lives. Chemistry has not only made one persons life better but every ones. The advances in chemistry everyday not only promise to improve human health but also to give man understanding and control of the process of life. It is essential that we study chemistry and understand its principles. Without chemistry the world may never have been like it is today!

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

Causes And Consequences Of Lung Cancer - 1781 Words

Lung Cancer? Blood Cancer? Bronchitis? COPD? All these familiar and terrifying words have one root in common- Smoking. 9 out of 10 smokers’ first smoke is at the age of 18 and 99% try it by the age of 26(Centre for Disease Control and Prevention). Each day about 4000 youths tries cigarettes for the first time (Haugen,2004). Even after being aware of the ill effects of the so-called ‘cool thing’, smokers cannot stop themselves after their first smoke. Teenage smoking had declined steadily from 1990 to 2005 but again, it has become one of the alarming issues among teenagers (National Centre for Biotechnology Information). Teenagers get hooked to smoking in their early years of high school. â€Å"Smoking seriously damages health†, is written on every pack of cigarettes. All in vain, in spite of being acquainted with the hazards, teenagers come under peer pressure and fall for the tempting advertisements. Smoking is still the single biggest cause of preventable death in United states. There are a lot of dangerous effects of smoking on the mind and health of a person, in teens especially, where their mind is still nurturing and then there happens to be an addiction to nicotine. Addiction to nicotine is as hazardous as addiction to heroin. Once the brain increases the capacity of nicotine receptors, it becomes almost impossible to resist from it. If the brain stops receiving nicotine, the person might feel anxious, irritable and will have a strong desire for more. Smoking alsoShow MoreRelatedCauses And Consequences Of Lung Cancer Essay2203 Words   |  9 PagesLung cancer has increased within the past decade; one of the biggest reasons is that more and more people smoke now than they have in the past. Smoking causes damage not only in the lungs, but also in the body, lips, or inside the mouth. Even though smoking does harm your body there are some good things that come from smoking. Such as it can lower the risk of obesity, and knee replacement surgery. There is different types of lung cancer one for smoking and the other, nonsmoking. Although peopleRead MoreSmoking While Pregnancy Essay1332 Words   |  6 Pagesaverage are more likely to cause harm to their unborn child than women who do not smoke over the course of their pregnancies. Smoking during pregnancy can have negative consequences for the baby. The negative consequences can include a variety of issues ranging from serious health problems to birth defects. It is a proven fact that smoking cigarettes while pregnant can cause the baby to be born with underdeveloped organs. Smoking cigarettes can also cause different types of cancer for both the mother andRead MoreThe Effects of Smoking Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesHealth). A Report to the Surgeon General has stated that It is safe to say that smoking represents the most extensively documented cause of disease ever investigated in the history of biomedical research (U.S. DHHS The Health). And a 1988 Report to the Surgeon General stated that nicotine (the drug found in tobacco) is as addictive as heroin and cocaine (American Lung Association, Pg. 2). The effects of smoking have been observed for a very long time. As early as the 1920s, research identifiedRead More The Long Term Effects of Marijuana Essay1207 Words   |  5 Pagesmarijuana) affects the brain. It is very difficult to conduct research in this area, as it is not acceptable to harm humans by doing trials with damaging substances such as marijuana. However, there is accumulating evidence of the psychological consequences of using marijuana. Many chronic marijuana smokers have a psychosis that is now medically deemed as, â€Å"A-motivational Syndrome† (Chopra 38). A psychosis is a condition where a person experiences some loss of contact with reality. A person with aRead MoreSmoking Cigarettes Persuasive Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pagesthe consequences that come with smoking; they are aware of the potential danger they are causing to themselves and the people around them. As the government, you may encounter economic benefits when people buy cigarette packs; ho wever, these economic advantages get outweighed by the disadvantages that also come included. I believe that as the government, you should ban cigarettes in the United States, in order to prevent economic issues, littering, and prevent your people from getting lung cancerRead MoreEssay on The Consequences of Tobacco1042 Words   |  5 Pagesindeed tobacco has consequences. In fact tobacco is one of the most leading causes of death in the world today. Smoking has begun to take over our everyday life. It is the number one most leading cause of death in the world today, and also the number one substance smoked or chewed today. But what people do not realize is that there are consequences to smoking tobacco, or eating it. Tobacco is hazardous to the human body system, therefore it should be banned due to the fact that it causes serious problemsRead MoreTobacco And Its Effect On The Body908 Words   |  4 Pagesuse it for a different purpose. It is said that 9 out of 10 people begin smoking before the age of 18 without knowing the consequences in the near future. For the reason of this epidemic, it is important to know that tobacco use affects the body in many different ways that include difficulty in vision, poor health, different cancers and problems with pregnancy. Smoking can cause harm in different places of our eyes. One of the most common risks that smokers pick up would be cataracts. Cataracts areRead MoreLung Cancer930 Words   |  4 PagesLung Cancer Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, its deadly claws stretched over all continents in the world. However, lung cancer is not just a disease; it can act as a magnifying glass; many social problems and goodness of society can be revealed through the causes of lung cancer. Lung cancer is formed when the cells of the lungs grow in an uncontrolled way, this creates a lump or a tumor which can either be malignant or benign. Smoking and unhealthy diets are all causesRead More The Causes and Effects of Smoking Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesThe Causes and Effects of Smoking Scientists and health officials have been arguing the detrimental effects smoking has on our health for many years. Smoking can lead to serious complications including asthma, pancreas, lung and stomach cancer due to the large number of carcinogens (cancer causing chemicals) and other various substances added to it. It is a health hazard for both smokers and non-smokers and it is especially harmful to unborn babies. Although smokers claim that it helps them toRead MoreHealth Care For Lung Cancer1224 Words   |  5 Pages2012 there was in increase in lung cancer deaths by 3.5%, this percent is still rising in women while it’s stable in men (CDC, 2014). Nowadays, about 402,324 Americans have lung cancer. In 2014, the newly diagnosed lung cancer cases are 224,210, they represent 13% of all cancer diagnosis (ACS, 2014). Lung cancer affects old people and always they diagnosed in the last five years of their life. Around 80% of people who live with lung cancer their ages more than 60 years (USNIH, 2011). In Kentucky

Monday, December 30, 2019

Design Of The Study On Art Education Curriculum And Practices

Chapter Three: Methodology Design of the Study This qualitative research study examines ideas concerning how art education curriculum and practices might best engage students living in poverty. The main research question asks: How might art education curriculum and practices best engage students living in poverty? Sub questions that developed from the initial research question are: What art curriculum can be implemented to best engage students living in low SES situations? What teaching practices can be implemented in art lessons to encourage student engagement? The study was structured to develop insight and understanding concerning what curricula and practices art educators employ to best engage students living in low SES situations. Research Methods Due to the time restraints of the research project, data was collected through three interviews and two observations held at a summer art program that hosts students, eighty-five percent of which are living in low SES circumstances. The researcher conducted three interviews with a diverse group of art educators on the topic of engaging students in art, focusing on their experiences, observations, and ideas connected to the research questions. The researcher developed semi-structured, open-ended interview questions (see Appendix A: Interview Protocol) based on the research questions. Nine questions were asked during the interviews, most of the questions were the same or similar, with some questions changed to match theShow MoreRelated Teaching From A Design Perspective Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesTeaching From A Design Perspective Developing a philosophy of education is more than asserting a love of wisdom in the theory and practice of teaching. It may be heartening to feel, but it lacks backbone. For a philosophy to have weight and merit, it needs truth, logical strength, and soundness. (Hughes 19) My philosophy of education asserts the following premises that if we teach: learning as relational; creativity as skill; and knowledge as design; then, we create an instructional approach thatRead MoreCreativity Is An Elusive And Challenged Concept1718 Words   |  7 Pagesdocument from Education Scotland and the Scottish Arts Council, â€Å"Creativity across learning 3-18† (2013)the position of creativity in Scottish Schools is discussed. It claims that many people think of creativity as being about artistic objects, however from an educational point of view, approaching this concept through the arts does help the children develop their creative skills. It was Howard Gardner who in 1983 questioned the idea of a one-sided focus on learning within education preferring insteadRead MoreSummary Of The Tenets Of Waldorf Curriculum983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Waldorf Education curriculum, founded by Radolf Stainer, is based on his educational philosophy, anthroposophy. This philosophy is described as critical idealism. The ideal philosophy treats the child as a spirit and the education approach/practice aims at liberating the spiritual essence of the child to remove any hindrances and obstacles and ensure that the inherent childs talents are exposed for later service of humanity. The pedagogy of Waldorf involves the gradual and natural unfoldingRead MoreChoosing A English / Language Arts Preparation Programs995 Words   |  4 PagesCandidates in a English/language arts preparation programs are expected to gain knowledge in reading/literacy instruction that has been standardized to include: knowledge of standard-based learning experiences, knowledge of individual and collaborative instruct ion strategies, knowledge of how to incorporate language into instruction, and the ability to plan instruction that reflects curriculum integration and interdisciplinary methods (National Council of Teachers of English and National CouncilRead MoreMultisensory Learning Theory1656 Words   |  7 Pagesfactors together. There are several learning theories and theorists that we as educators learn about as we go through our studies and they vary from Constructivists to Multiple Intelligences to Multisensory. As we progress in the world of education, these learning theories are constantly changing in importance depending on the government, expectations and the type of curriculum we are focusing on. One thing we have seen is that over the years we go in a complete circle. Former curricular methodsRead More Fundamentals of Research Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pagesanalysis (p. 24). Reaching the goal is the culmination of the research; in this case, the goal for conducting a doctoral re search is to improve the music education curriculum and provide an excellent learning opportunity for all students including students with disabilities to experience academic success. The current music curriculums design appears to be standard for all students including students with disabilities. Because of inclusion, children with learning disabilities participate with non-disabledRead MoreImportance of Art Education Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesThe arts are everywhere in our lives and have always been an important part of human daily experiences. The arts also are an enormous economic force in our world from fashion to design to the entertainment business; all are multibillion-dollar industries. Numerous studies have shown a positive correlation between a balanced and comprehensive education in the arts and high student standardized tests. A comprehensive arts education program helps students develop self-esteem, self-discipline, cooperativeRead MoreEducation in The United States and Great Britain: A Comparison1761 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States and England Comparative Study Education is a perpetual work- in-progress throughout the world. While Engla nd maintains a consistency of local school quality when compared with its United States counterparts, American boarding schools provide a more finely tuned education. Indeed, both systems produce well-educated students. England Educational System The education system of England has been the model for common wealth countries in general, but not without faults and inherent problemsRead MoreDeveloping And Adopting The Curriculum1361 Words   |  6 PagesDeveloping and Adopting the Curriculum The curriculum development process refers to the systematic organization of the contents teachers will teach student and how teachers should teach and evaluate the content. The development of teaching curriculum is the responsibility of the government, educators, and parents. Today, curriculum development presents the relevant stakeholder with strategic and policy challenges. In practice, a curriculum outlines method and resources needed for teaching and learningRead MoreCurriculum and Professional Issues1444 Words   |  6 PagesThe education system is a social institution that often faces major changes, such is the nature of public services and similar social institutions. A major factor in the changes made to these institutions is the prevalence of curriculum reform through planning and informed development. (A.V Kelly, 2004) There are various ways in which curriculum has been defined, Curriculum can be taken to mean the quintessence of a syllabus of learning and includes philosophy, substance, strategies and assessment