Design Of The Study On Art Education Curriculum And Practices

Chapter Three: Methodology Design of the Study This qualitative research study examines ideas concerning how art education curriculum and practices might best engage students living in poverty. The main research question asks: How might art education curriculum and practices best engage students living in poverty? Sub questions that developed from the initial research question are: What art curriculum can be implemented to best engage students living in low SES situations? What teaching practices can be implemented in art lessons to encourage student engagement? The study was structured to develop insight and understanding concerning what curricula and practices art educators employ to best engage students living in low SES situations. Research Methods Due to the time restraints of the research project, data was collected through three interviews and two observations held at a summer art program that hosts students, eighty-five percent of which are living in low SES circumstances. The researcher conducted three interviews with a diverse group of art educators on the topic of engaging students in art, focusing on their experiences, observations, and ideas connected to the research questions. The researcher developed semi-structured, open-ended interview questions (see Appendix A: Interview Protocol) based on the research questions. Nine questions were asked during the interviews, most of the questions were the same or similar, with some questions changed to match theShow MoreRelated Teaching From A Design Perspective Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesTeaching From A Design Perspective Developing a philosophy of education is more than asserting a love of wisdom in the theory and practice of teaching. It may be heartening to feel, but it lacks backbone. For a philosophy to have weight and merit, it needs truth, logical strength, and soundness. (Hughes 19) My philosophy of education asserts the following premises that if we teach: learning as relational; creativity as skill; and knowledge as design; then, we create an instructional approach thatRead MoreCreativity Is An Elusive And Challenged Concept1718 Words   |  7 Pagesdocument from Education Scotland and the Scottish Arts Council, â€Å"Creativity across learning 3-18† (2013)the position of creativity in Scottish Schools is discussed. It claims that many people think of creativity as being about artistic objects, however from an educational point of view, approaching this concept through the arts does help the children develop their creative skills. It was Howard Gardner who in 1983 questioned the idea of a one-sided focus on learning within education preferring insteadRead MoreSummary Of The Tenets Of Waldorf Curriculum983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Waldorf Education curriculum, founded by Radolf Stainer, is based on his educational philosophy, anthroposophy. This philosophy is described as critical idealism. The ideal philosophy treats the child as a spirit and the education approach/practice aims at liberating the spiritual essence of the child to remove any hindrances and obstacles and ensure that the inherent childs talents are exposed for later service of humanity. The pedagogy of Waldorf involves the gradual and natural unfoldingRead MoreChoosing A English / Language Arts Preparation Programs995 Words   |  4 PagesCandidates in a English/language arts preparation programs are expected to gain knowledge in reading/literacy instruction that has been standardized to include: knowledge of standard-based learning experiences, knowledge of individual and collaborative instruct ion strategies, knowledge of how to incorporate language into instruction, and the ability to plan instruction that reflects curriculum integration and interdisciplinary methods (National Council of Teachers of English and National CouncilRead MoreMultisensory Learning Theory1656 Words   |  7 Pagesfactors together. There are several learning theories and theorists that we as educators learn about as we go through our studies and they vary from Constructivists to Multiple Intelligences to Multisensory. 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Because of inclusion, children with learning disabilities participate with non-disabledRead MoreImportance of Art Education Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesThe arts are everywhere in our lives and have always been an important part of human daily experiences. The arts also are an enormous economic force in our world from fashion to design to the entertainment business; all are multibillion-dollar industries. Numerous studies have shown a positive correlation between a balanced and comprehensive education in the arts and high student standardized tests. A comprehensive arts education program helps students develop self-esteem, self-discipline, cooperativeRead MoreEducation in The United States and Great Britain: A Comparison1761 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States and England Comparative Study Education is a perpetual work- in-progress throughout the world. While Engla nd maintains a consistency of local school quality when compared with its United States counterparts, American boarding schools provide a more finely tuned education. Indeed, both systems produce well-educated students. England Educational System The education system of England has been the model for common wealth countries in general, but not without faults and inherent problemsRead MoreDeveloping And Adopting The Curriculum1361 Words   |  6 PagesDeveloping and Adopting the Curriculum The curriculum development process refers to the systematic organization of the contents teachers will teach student and how teachers should teach and evaluate the content. The development of teaching curriculum is the responsibility of the government, educators, and parents. Today, curriculum development presents the relevant stakeholder with strategic and policy challenges. In practice, a curriculum outlines method and resources needed for teaching and learningRead MoreCurriculum and Professional Issues1444 Words   |  6 PagesThe education system is a social institution that often faces major changes, such is the nature of public services and similar social institutions. A major factor in the changes made to these institutions is the prevalence of curriculum reform through planning and informed development. (A.V Kelly, 2004) There are various ways in which curriculum has been defined, Curriculum can be taken to mean the quintessence of a syllabus of learning and includes philosophy, substance, strategies and assessment

Euthanasia Is A Painless, Quick, And Peaceful Death

When your family pet is sick and in constant pain, what do you do? Your family takes your beloved pet to the veterinarian to be put down and out of its misery. This is often thought of as an act of kindness towards your pet; you’re relieving it’s intense pain and suffering. Why is it acceptable to put a loved pet out of its misery, but frowned upon to help a human relieve their terminal pain? Euthanasia is a painless, quick, and peaceful death that can be medically provided to patients by doctors to help end the suffering that comes with a terminal disease. This option is currently illegal in the United States. All over the country, there are patients lying in uncomfortable hospital beds, often unable to move or even speak due to the excruciating pain that comes with their illness. Families and friends are all able to witness the pain and suffering of their loved ones, but doctors can only do so much. Pain medication won’t relieve the pain, and it certainly won’t cure the diseases. Now imagine a way out. An easy, painless method is provided to the patients who chose to end their lives and move on. They simply fall asleep and their pain is gone forever. Their worry is gone; and their suffering is over. The families of these patients can be at peace knowing their loved one is at rest and out of pain. However, this practice is prohibited under homicide laws in the United States. The practice of voluntary euthanasia in the United States should be a safe and legalShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia For Terminally Ill Patients Should Be Legalized1333 Words   |  6 PagesLegalization of Euthanasia Take a moment to put yourself in their shoes. The one’s slowly dying. The ones in unbearable pain. The ones with the inability to walk. Inability to speak. The one’s in so much agony that even swallowing is a struggle. Laying there, on your deathbed, you think: is the pain worth it? To some it may be. But to many its not. In reality,people deal with this type suffering for years on end. The way to end the pain, is a â€Å"good death† called Euthanasia. Euthanasia, also known physicianRead More Euthanasia, why you should end your life in peace. Essay862 Words   |  4 PagesEuthanasia, why you should end your life in peace. Euthanasia. Resting in peace. Euthanasia is the process of peacefully ending the life of a terminally-ill person. This process should be legalised for people who have been suffering in pain for extensive periods of time. If a person wants to end their life with family and friends, they should be allowed to, rather then perhaps dying suddenly with no-one around. The issue of Euthanasia has been around for almost a century, when in 1906 theRead MoreEssay on Euthanasia in Australia1829 Words   |  8 PagesAlthough euthanasia is a complex and controversial subject, under certain conditions people should have the right to decide to end their own lives. Is euthanasia murder or mercy? We need to understand what Mercy, Murder and Euthanasia are before we can form any opinion. (Oxford dictionary) Mercy / (say mersee) Compassionate or kindly forbearance shown towards: an offender, an enemy, or other person in ones power; compassion, pity, or benevolence. Murder / (say merduh) Unlawful killingRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Allowed?1675 Words   |  7 PagesWhen euthanasia comes to mind, what do you think of? Do you think of people hurting, do you think of it as suicide, do you think of sick people? The big question is†¦ do you think it’s wrong? Many questions, concerns, and issues have come up with this topic in the past, because there are so many factors that go into deciding when euthanasia should be allowed, if at all. Should just anyone be allowed to decide they want to die, and have a physician assist him or her with suicide, or do they have toRead MoreThe Euthanasia Debate1211 Words   |  5 PagesEuthanasia is defined as the painless killing of a terminally ill patient by means of lethal injection by a doctor in a controlled medical environment. Similarly, physician assisted suicide (PAS) is when a patient requests a lethal prescription from a doctor or pharmacist to end their life before a fatal disease does. The two are akin to each other and are almost interchangeable in definitions. Being a highly controversial topic, there is a plethora of arguments surrounding PAS, all very emotionallyRead MoreAssisted Suicide and Euthanasia856 Words   |  3 PagesThe fear of self-inflicted pain is only natural and of our basic human behavior. There are of course many ways to commit suicide. The trouble is finding the right one. Probably the most painless tool for doing so is euthanasia. Medical aids are administered to the subject’s body lethally to put him/her out in a quick and easy manner. However, only experienced hands, such as doctors, are the only ones who can perform such procedures efficiently. This raises the question; should medical professionalsRead MoreEuthanasi Active And Passive Euthanasia1634 Words   |  7 PagesPassive Euthanasia where he argues against the distinction between killing in letting die. He says that the distinction is made on morally irrelevant grounds. He says that the distinction between passive and active euthanasia should not be based on whether or not wanted more morally permissible then the other. To prove his point Rachel uses three dif-ferent examples, which included different circumstance where euthanasia is involved. He looks at each example and argues why active euthanasia wouldRead More Euthanasia Essay1385 Words   |  6 PagesEuthanasia Euthanasia, specifically voluntary euthanasia has been a taboo subject for many decades in this, and other countries. Euthanasia, as defined by the Oxford English Dictionary – bringing about of this, especially in the case of incurable and painful disease- comes from the Greek word euthanatos, meaning – a gentle and easy death. It is commonly known as death with dignity given to those who want the choice to die. No one can prevent death. The can only prolong it. Many people solicitRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide And Voluntary Euthanasia, Legitimacy And Legality1352 Words   |  6 Pages Physician Assisted Suicide and Voluntary Euthanasia, Legitimacy and Legality Isaac Roer Saginaw Valley State University Abstract This paper discusses why the U.S. should implement the availability of physician assisted suicide/death and voluntary euthanasia. It discusses countries that have this legally, how they do not abuse the fact, and the percentages of both physicians and patients that are affiliated with PAS/VE. It continues with the legal moral issues it has within the UnitedRead MoreEuthanasia Should Be Allowed And Protected By Legislation1656 Words   |  7 PagesIt’s My Death, My Choice The elderly woman lies in bed in extreme pain, she has months to live and wants to leave the world on her own terms. Sadly, the state she lives in has not legalized euthanasia and she is forced to live with the excruciating mental and physical pain for many more months. Many believe that a person who is terminally ill should retain the right to choose whether or not they want to die and defend the practice by saying it is financially suitable. Euthanasia should be allowed

The reaction to Boris Johnson’s article about Ken Bigley and resulting implications for the media Free Essays

When Boris Johnson’s article in The Spectator1 caused controversy a week ago, it raised questions not only about the ethical position of politicians involved in journalism, but also about the freedom of the media and its relationship with regulators and governmental bodies. Boris Johnson is a much- derided figure, often attacked for his looks and manner rather than his views and actions. In a radio interview for the BBC, for example, Paul Bigley (Ken’s brother) accused him of being a â€Å"self- centred, pompous twit†2 and belittled him for his appearance and waffling manner despite the valid points in the article, and subsequent apology. We will write a custom essay sample on The reaction to Boris Johnson’s article about Ken Bigley and resulting implications for the media or any similar topic only for you Order Now This tact was followed by newspapers almost without exception; The Times, for example, started their article with a quote from Michael Howard denouncing Johnson’s writing as â€Å"nonsense from beginning to end,†4 a comment in the Liverpool Daily Post recommended that he ‘got life insurance,’5 and an article on the BBC website6 provided quotations only from those against the MP. This is in direct contrast to what the same website suggested was the general public opinion. On the ‘Your Views’7 section, nineteen out of twenty- two comments support Johnson’s opinion, ranging from those in general support to people from Liverpool criticising their fellow Liverpudlians; suggesting that the media was either being sensationalist or deliberately opposing a Conservative- who, it should be noted, did not even write the article. The true author, Simon Heffer, was barely mentioned and has ‘no plans to issue an apology;’8 further evidence that it was the character of Johnson rather than his article that caused so much disagreement. This is supported by a comment in The Independent which noted that Johnson was not the first social commentator to challenge Liverpool’s reaction to the beheading. On Sunday the 10th of October, Dr Anthony Daniels challenged the town’s reaction for an ‘estranged son â€Å"whose attachment to Liverpool was so great that he was planning to live in Thailand. â€Å"‘9 Dr Daniels, however, was not featured in any newspaper or criticised for his comments. This calls into question the role of MPs in the media; whether it is possible for them to be both decision makers and public commentators. Though not the first editor to become an MP- Iain Macleod and Dick Crossman have both managed it in the past- as both the Financial Times and The Guardian Student pointed out, in ‘bowing down to Mr Howard’s edict’10 Johnson put political ambition over journalistic independence. This not only undermines Johnson’s validity as a public commentator but also the doctrine of press freedom. Enshrined in the US Constitution in the First Amendment and by ‘Supreme Court precedent,’11 the press is often perceived in America as the ‘fourth branch of government,’ providing a check and balance to the judiciary, executive and legislative. Though in Britain the branches are less divided, the same principle should stand to provide effective restraints; hence the ongoing debate over the Lord Chancellor’s position in all three branches of Government. When an MP becomes involved in the media, therefore, its independence is called into question. It seems unlikely, for example, than an MP could comment fairly on the actions of a body he or she works for. The reaction to Johnson’s article proves that MPs working as journalists do not have the same freedom as journalists not also working as MPs. This challenges the validity of a ‘free media’ that can be influenced so easily despite supposedly having complete freedom of speech. Often heralded as an indicator of democracy, Britain’s press is perceived to be one of the freest in the world. â€Å"Freedom,† however, can be interpreted in many ways. In the United Kingdom, for example, though the media can in theory print anything there are moral and bureaucratic restrictions. Seven companies, four of which account for 90% of sales, own the entire national press and media ‘moguls’ such as Rupert Murdoch control many publications. Murdoch himself owns the News of the World, The Sun, The Times and The Sunday Times. This may have influenced their synonymous attack on Johnson’s article which was published in The Spectator, owned by one of Murdoch’s rivals the Barclay brothers- who, as commented upon in The Times, have ‘not raised the Liverpool editorial’12 with Johnson, revealing their ongoing faith in having a politician as an editor whilst others are questioning it. The ownership of chains of newspapers has implications on their bias and impartiality. Murdoch’s politics, for example, are generally right- wing, though he apparently favours republicanism over monarchy and is said to have refused a British peerage. His influence is apparent in the papers he owns. In February 1998, for example, The Sun, which had consistently attacked Labour’s plans for the Millennium Dome suddenly changed tack and threw its weight behind the project. It seems no coincidence that Murdoch’s BSkyB had recently made an investment in the Dome. 13 It is, however, impossible for any form of media to be truly unbiased. Humans, by their nature, are influenced by what they read and who they see, and inject personal opinion into articles or reports without intending to. In the United Kingdom The Times is typically seen as a left- wing paper, The Telegraph as right- wing, and The Independent as the most unbiased paper. These stereotypes rarely hold true, however, with The Times’ editorial often being more lenient towards the Conservatives. This may have more to do with the fact that the media often opposes whoever is in power, whoever they are, with no regards to traditional stance. Of the articles about Johnson, the most balanced viewpoint was from The Guardian Student. From the very start it offers views for and against the article; even the headline, â€Å"Boris is ‘sorry’ for tactless own goal†14 presents Johnson as apologetic whilst also implying he made a blunder. Throughout, it keeps this balanced viewpoint with quotations from those supporting him followed by those against; contrasting articles in The Times15 which present tirades of criticism. The Guardian Student article is an exception, however. Though often not as transparent as headlines in tabloids such as The Sun or The Daily Star, broadsheets in the Western world show clear bias without obvious governmental controls. This may be seen to affect politics. In a poll conducted in America in 1992, for example, 89% of 1400 members of the national media surveyed voted for Clinton in that same year. 16 Though it is certain this would have influenced the journalists’ articles, it is debateable whether the media dictated the public’s mood or vice versa. In 1997 when The Sun declared â€Å"It’s The Sun Wot Won It† due to its support of the Labour party, it was questionable whether they actually influenced the public or merely responded to what the public was urging them to print. Despite the obvious bias, however, the media of the Western world is still typically liberal in viewpoint, with it rare for an outlet to present controversial or minority views. The views of the BNP, for example, are rarely, if ever, supported in the media. The reason for this comes down to money. The public are unlikely to buy a paper if it is known to publish racist, xenophobic or controversial views, even if they are just the expression of free speech (though The Sun comes close on occasion, printing sensationalist headlines with unsubstantiated evidence17). Constantly looking for ways to increase revenue, papers are therefore unlikely to publish minority views if it is the majority that they are aiming for. Minority views are more often only heard when their exponents, such as Abu Hanzar, are being persecuted or when comedians are chastising them. Billy Connelly and Doug Stanhope, for example, as criticised in the Warwick Boar18, regularly use controversial, politically incorrect material under the guise of jokes. Connelly joking about Ken Bigley, for example, did not receive the criticism that Johnson did despite being more tactless and insensitive. Freedom of press, however, is not truly understood unless compared to non- Western countries. In ‘Last Seven Days’ (a Warwick- based informal political discussion group), for example, both a Russian and a Chinese student commented that the freedom of the press is not appreciated in Britain. In Russia, using restrictive legislation and exerting financial pressure through the government and government- related companies, the Kremlin â€Å"gained nearly total control of the broadcast media in 2003. â€Å"19 Many Russians, as commented upon in the World Press Review, support restrictions on the press. 20 This has resulted in a media consistently supporting the Russian government and President, as evident in the translation of articles from Moscow News which celebrate nuclear weapons test launches as ‘landmark events. An article on the same event in the USA or the UK is likely to have included criticism of the demand and use of nuclear weapons. The general perception of the media in much of the Western world is that they have a great degree of freedom. Whilst this is true if compared to countries such as Russia, China or Iraq, there are still pressures on journalists to produce articles with a particular slant or viewpoint. It could be said, for example, that the restrictive policies typical of countries ruled by dictatorship have been replaced by the â€Å"dictatorial† media barons such as Rupert Murdoch and the Barclay brothers. The governmental restrictions, meanwhile, are more likely to be whips or party leaders trying to pander to public opinion rather than imposing party policy, as was displayed by Michael Howard over Boris Johnson’s article. I also witnessed this during work experience at the House of Commons, where there were daily meetings for all opposition MPs to discuss the previous day’s press coverage, and the majority of Theresa May’s (MP, Windsor and Maidenhead) work was to attract the attention of, or respond to, local and national media. The relationship between the press and politicians is complex, with politicians trying to get in the media, and journalists often only willing to cover a minority of issues for personal, political, or financial reasons. When politicians, such as Boris Johnson, become directly involved in the media, further restrictions and pressures are placed on the medium. Therefore though the media, in particular in Britain, is supposedly free from constraints, in reality there are numerous limits on what journalists are willing to write. How to cite The reaction to Boris Johnson’s article about Ken Bigley and resulting implications for the media, Papers

Intellectual Property Analysis of Apple - Free Sample Solution

Questions: 1. Presentation of the business organization selected (basic data such as history, main activity, sector in which it operates, competitors, etc.)?2. Justification for the selection of that business organization?3. Analysis of its intellectual capital?a. Innovation model. (Taking into account collaboration with teaching institutions)?b. Human capital (Focusing in whether they have a particular policy for knowledge workers; if the company is based exclusively in knowledge workers or not)?c. Intellectual property rights. (Do they have a portfolio? Explanation of the types of IP they use)?4. Analysis of its intellectual property strategy. (Do they treat IP as a core asset or not? How do they seem to exploit its IP? Take into account the recommendations made by John Palfrey in his book)?5. Conclusion from a managerial perspective?6. Recommendation (Should they change anything, should they remain as they are and what)? Answers: Introduction According to Engdahl (2010), the combination of intellectual property (IP) is Intellectual Capital. Through the intellectual capital, organisation in business environment can increase their business as well as exploits also. However, Neethu (2014) argued that collective knowledge about the organisation or society individually is called intellectual capital. This study firmly focuses on analysing the intellectual capital strategy of Apple Inc. Apple is the largest seller in electronics products worldwide. However, this study analyse the intellectual capital strategy for Apple and identify the potential strategy that undertake by Apple in terms of continuous growth and success. 1. Overview of Apple In 1976, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak introduced the company Apple in electronics market. After starting the business, Apple still maintain their market share and continuous growth rate in electronics and communication market. At first, the company started their business by making a simple computer machine. Headquarter of Apple is located at Cupertino in America. Apple design and develops all types of electronics products as well as computer along with mobile phone and sell into the market. Neethu (2014) stated that Apple is best known for the hardware services. Apart from that, there were some critics who thinks that unique product line make the Apple successful and attain continuous success for the company. There are several unique products that present in open electronics market such as iPod Music Player, Mac based computer system, iPad tablets, iPhone smart phone, etc. Apple not only provides the unique products to customer but also they serves unique operating system with their products. For example, Apple gives OS X operating system for their computer and for their iPhone smart phone, the company use iOS operating system. In the smart phone of Apple, the manufacturer include iTune media browser and in computer, the company serves Safari web browser. Apart from that, Apple provides wide range of creativity service such as iWork, iLife, etc (Apple.com, 2015). In 1996, when the company was first introduced by the Jobs and Wozniak it name was Apple Computer Inc. However, in 2007 the term Computer was removed from its name and the new name of the company established as Apple Inc. According to the market review of 2012, in information technology System Company, Apple covers the second position just after Samsung Electronics. On the contrary, in mobile phone market, Apple covers third position after the Samsung and Nokia. Moreover, in United State Apple got the honour of most predictable admired company by the Fortune Magazine. Market review of 2013 demonstrated that Apple currently run their business over fourteen country worldwide such as Japan, America, China, India, Australia, etc. More than 406 retail stores are operated by the company worldwide. Apart from that, Apple facilitates the customer by providing online iTune stores and Apple Stores. Thus, Apple attains $414 estimated value in world electronics market that is counted as second largest publicity traded corporation. In electronics market, Apple serves wide range of products and service such as computers, tablet, smart phone, etc. Therefore, Apple faced large competition from other organisation that related with the electronics products and smart phone. Following table shows the competitors of Apple separately in computers, mobile phone and tablet market Competitors in Computer Market Competitors in mobile Phone Market Competitors in Tablet Market Dell, HP, Accer, Lenovo, Microsoft, IBM, Toshiba, etc Google Nexus, Sony, Nokia, HTC, Samsung, Blackberry, etc. Sony, Samsung, Amazon, HP, Dell, HTC, Micromax, Lenovo, HCL, etc. 2. Justification for selection of Apple for this case study In order to survey the strategy of intellectual capital, analyst selects the company Apple in business environment. Apple is selected for this case study because Apple is the world largest business company in electronics market and it has wide range of innovative strategy that makes the company strong and attains continuous success. Apple has the capabilities of marketing and advertising that helps in increasing brand awareness in market. Plomer (2013) cited that well established brand is the method of achieving potential success and large customer base with more loyalty. Apple firmly focuses on developing and providing quality products or service to customer instead of focusing price sensitivity. Poyago-theotoky Teerasuwannajak (2012) claimed that, this strategy makes high margin and drive the penetration for Apple in electronics market rather than their competitors. Apart from that, Apple keep their eyes in future growth and success that allows in launching new innovative products or service such as iCloud, iTunes, etc. in each event, Apple introduce products with more anticipation rather than the last one. Moreover, technology of new products is leading up rather than the last one. Roughton (2008) acknowledged that Apple always make their products that makes a suspicious in customer mind for innovative conjecture named next big thing. For this innovative strategy and intellectual property, Apple Inc was selected by the analyst in order to analysis the Intellectual capital strategy. 3. Analysis of Intellectual Capital of Apple a. Innovation Model Stoll et al. (2009) argued that Apple is best known for its innovation. The company widely considered as the innovative company worldwide for their continuous changes strategy and service. The key innovation of Apple is the traffic of new products. Business Line of Apple: In order to develop and provide innovative products with high quality, Apple segment their product line into different part such as iPad, Mac, iPhone, iTunes, hardware as well as software along with accessories and innovative service. Apple provides Solid State Derive (SDD) instead of Hard Disk (HDD) in their computer system. The technology of SDD is much smaller and sensitive rather than HDD. Apart from that SDD has not any spin up time rather than HDD. Therefore, it allows customers by taking less start up time for the biggest asset. In order to sell their, Apple act as wholesaler by developing authorized Mac retailers. Furthermore, the company applied manufacturer direct model in terms of selling the computer directly to their customer via their own portal www.apple.com. Apart from that, Apple plays traditional retailers role to sell their products. In 1996, the company first introduced mobile device in market. However, Apple fully focused on quality construction and experience of customer in their manufacturing process of mobile phone devices. Therefore, Apple introducing wide range of software and hardware services along with cloud service in their products that make the company powerful in mobile platform service. The company sells their products through partners as well as traditional retailer along with online channels. In order to provide offer or several discount in their products Apple involve freemium business model within their business operations. Design and Disruption: In order to design with better way, Apple applied tried and true method in their operation process. In terms of making high revenue and less competition, Apple involved multiple business model within their business operations. Apple always focused on human interaction revolutionizing in their products and service. Apart from that, Apple uses the brightness technology of Sharp Company that helped in providing better graphical user interface rather than other companies such as Dell, HP, Samsung, etc. However, when the company faced much competition from Microsoft, they changes their computer model and developed iMac that brings lot of opportunities for Apple in terms of achieving future growth and success. Moreover, Apple designed iPod music player with large storage capacity first rather than other companys music player. Logical user interface made the iPod music player to disrupt the Apple in electronics industry via innovative design (Refer to Appendix). b. Human Capital In intellectual Capital, human capital is the heart. The terms human capital related with the competencies, capability, resource, skills, knowledge, and innovation of employees. According to Awuku (2005), in order to generates intellectual capital, employees has to take responsibility using their attitude, agility of intellectual, competencies, capability, knowledge and skills. Apple offer $415 million in order to settle the suit of anti-poaching of their employee. Apart from that, Apple provides do not hire policies for their workers within the workplace of Apple that allows workers in preventing claim in order to get higher payment and getting high positioned job in their competition company. Apart from that, Apple provides high payment to their employees and management of Apple is great (Stoll et al. 2009). Apple provides fantastic policies that help in never getting tiered in job. Moreover, Apple always encourages constant improvement for their employees providing training. c. Intellectual Property Rights Like other innovation, intellectual property is also embodied for Apple. The company include wide range of intellectual property such as patents, rights and permission, copyrights and trademark, etc. Rights and Permission: Copyrights permission of Apple is also different unlike their competitors. Is the third party want to copyrights their products such as video, photograph, the applicants must to submit accurate image as well as materials that he/she tries to seeking, need to surround the image or text for the project by apple company, mentioned the submit publishers along with date and provide a suitable title (Apple.com, 2015). Guideline to use Apple Trademarks: In order to use the Apple trademark, the third party must to be authorized reseller. Apart from that, third party has to present proper licence in terms of using logo of Apple for promotion or advertising into markets. If the agreement with Apple and guideline match with the business process of third party, they can use Apple Log for sales or advertising. Moreover, if the third party uses Apple Logo in their referential phase in terms of selling products or advertising items or packaging the products, they must have the compatibility with the technology or products of Apple (Apple.com, 2015). Submission Policy: In order to submit the products by third party, organisation have to submit content automatically become a part of Apple company. They are not able to make any compensation with the company. Apart from that, Apple is able to redistribute of third partys contents in any way (Apple.com, 2015). Moreover, Apple provides the feedback collecting system from the user about their existing business system. Apple provides feedback service in unrestricted basis for their users. 4. Analysis of Intellectual Property Strategy of Apple In the global electronics market, Apple in International Trade Commission receives honour from the Administrative Las Judge Thomas Pender. In order to identify copied technology, Thomas Pender the judge of USITC (U.S. International Trade Commission) quoted that does it look like it, feel like it, smell like it. In order to make the company as a leader in technology, Apple involves the Intellectual Property Strategy of Nortel. It helped the company in developing the business in technology like a leader of electronics market. However, Palfrey (2012) opined that Apple fights with the large multi front war in order to become a leader in technology. In Germany and Australia, Apple manages their technology as well as their products from the temporary interaction with their competitors. Raju (2006) pointed out that, Apple has the manipulated evidence in the technological rivalry at Dutch against their competitors like Samsung. According to the review of 2011, Apple fields the case that present in USITC that was retailing against the case field by the other companies in same environment. During that time, Apple represented two design patent such as US D558, 757 and US D618, 678 and the five patents that suit their business (M-cam.com, 2015). Following table demonstrates that claim construction of f ive patents where one patent dropped and it was owned by the other electronics product manufacturing company name Samsung. Patent Document Title Name of Assignee Priority Issue File US 7479949 Graphical User Interface, device of touch screen, method, etc Apple 6th September, 2006 20th January, 2009 11th April, 2008 US 789697 Mechanism of plug detection Apple 11th June, 2007 7th September, 2010 29th May, 2008 US 7912501 Circuit for Headset plug input and output detection Apple 5th January, 2007 22nd March, 2011 5th January, 2007 US RE41922 System and circuit and method for data transferring from device to computer Apple 10th May, 1993 9th November, 2010 5th June, 2002 US 7863533 Development of mobile phone Samsung 6th March, 2000 9th March, 2012 10th December, 2007 The above analysis Apple won the pool patent that asserted with the other three patents. However, it demonstrates that, Apple never performs with the miracle, they achieved owner or maintain success in electronics market with higher invention and high quality services (Mohammed, 2009). According to the examiner of USPTO, bit of Apple is less enforceable. 5. Conclusion Apple protects their intellectual property especially for the mobile devices such as iPad, iPhone, etc. In order to decrease competitors, Apple served as a venue in marketplace via the infringing products and services. Apart from that, Apple indirectly dominates the market place of Android Operating System and Google Nexus technology. The strategy of Apple in business is litigious as well as calculated assaults rather than their competitors especially in Europe and South Korea. However, due to high increase rate of smart phone hardware developer such as Nokia, Samsung, Lenovo, etc, Apple managed their show up and focused on developing software functionality patents. The case between Apple and Samsung demonstrated that Samsung illegally design their products like Apple. The major strategy of Apple that is still unique rather than other electronics manufacturing company is price and quality. Though the consumer of Apple limited, but the company never develop or introduce low quality pr oducts for the price sensitive customers. 6. Recommendations Based on the above analysis, following are the recommendations that need to integrate within operational process of Apple Research the Possibilities of User Interface: Apple need to design more innovative user interface especially for the Mac operating system based computer and other PCs. The user interface must to be easy in using or handling by the user. Therefore, initiatives menu functions have to present in Apples PCs. Diversification: Apple already established their brand in electronics market successfully. However, the company has to develop more products and diversify the business that maintain their quality as well as make reasonable prices of their products. Expand Stores Locations: In order to make more profits and enlarge customer base, Apple need to expand their stores locations in all part of the world. 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